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Amsterdam Arena ((:ˌɑmstərˈdɑm aːˈreːnaː), officially stylised as Amsterdam ArenA) is a stadium in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is the largest stadium in the country and it was built from 1993 to 1996 at a cost of €140 million, and was officially opened on 14 August 1996. It has been used for association football, American football, concerts and other events.〔http://www.worldofstadiums.com/europe/netherlands/amsterdam-arena/〕 The stadium has a retractable roof combined with a grass surface. It has a capacity of 53,502 seats for football matches and 68,000 seats during concerts if a centre-stage setup is used (the stage in the middle of the pitch); for end-stage concerts, the capacity is 50,000, and for concerts where the stage is located in the east side of the stadium, the capacity is 35,000. It held UEFA five-star stadium status which was superseded by a new system of classification. The stadium is the home of the association football club AFC Ajax (since 1996) and was the home of the now-defunct American football club Amsterdam Admirals (1997–2007). It was one of the stadiums used during Euro 2000, and also held the 1998 UEFA Champions League Final and 2013 UEFA Europa League Final. The stadium will also host three group stage matches and one match in the 1/8 final of the Euro 2020. Both international and Dutch artists have given concerts in the ArenA, including Celine Dion, Madonna, Michael Jackson, André Hazes, David Bowie, AC/DC, One Direction and The Rolling Stones. The dance event Sensation is held in the stadium every year. ==History== Amsterdam was one of six cities that bid to host the 1992 Summer Olympics. In 1986, a new Olympic stadium was designed, with a football field and an athletics track. It was to be built in the area of Strandvliet in Amsterdam Zuidoost. After Amsterdam lost the bid to Barcelona in October 1986, the plans for the new stadium were abandoned. In 1987, the Stichting Amsterdam Sportstad (English: "Amsterdam Sports City Foundation") was established, which made new plans for a sports stadium with an all-seated capacity of 55,000. In 1990, a new design was made based on both previous designs, with a football field, an athletics track, and completely covered by a roof. By this time, AFC Ajax needed a new stadium, Their old stadium, De Meer, was far too small for most of Ajax' games. For several years, Ajax had moved its more important games to Olympisch Stadion.〔 (The making of Amsterdam ArenA ) Amsterdam ArenA. Retrieved 8 June 2008〕 Once more, the design was altered – the athletics track was removed, the capacity was reduced to 50,000 seats, and the fixed roof was replaced by a retractable roof. In 1992, the Government of Amsterdam authorised the plans for the stadium with a ''Transferium'' where people could transfer from their car to various forms of public transportation. In 1993, the Government of Amsterdam changed the development plan of the location and gave a permit to build the stadium.〔 The first pile of the deep foundation of the stadium was placed on 26 November 1993. The construction work, undertaken by Ballast Nedam and Royal BAM Group,〔 would take almost three years. The highest point of the building was reached on 24 February 1995, after the roof construction was raised. The fly-over from the public road to the parking facilities was opened on 13 March 1996. The Amsterdam Arena received 180,000 visitors during the construction work, until the stadium was closed from 1 July 1996 until the opening ceremony.〔 The Amsterdam Arena was officially opened on 14 August 1996 by Queen Beatrix.〔 (Wist je dat... ). Amsterdam ArenA. Retrieved 8 June 2008〕 The Queen opened the Amsterdam Arena by making a curtain fall inside the stadium. This revealed the world's largest painting ''De Zee'' (English: ''The Sea'') of . Two-dimensional ships were placed on the sea representing the clubs in the ''Eredivisie''. Tina Turner opened the stadium with three concerts with 160,000 people in the arena, from her world breaking Wildest Dreams Tour. Trijntje Oosterhuis sang the hymn ''De Zee'', composed for the opening ceremony by John Ewbank. An eight-day torch relay with 375 runners over 1400 kilometre through the Netherlands reached the stadium. The first runner was Johan Cruijff starting in the old stadium De Meer, the last runner was Frank Rijkaard arriving in the new stadium Amsterdam Arena. After the grass was revealed and the roof opened, an inaugural football match was played between AFC Ajax and Milan. The construction of the Amsterdam Arena cost €140 million.〔 (Facts & figures ) Amsterdam ArenA. Retrieved 9 June 2008〕 The stadium combines a retractable roof with a grass surface. This caused some problems in the beginning: the grass rolls would not grow in the shade of the open roof and had to be replaced up to four times a year. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amsterdam Arena」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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